![]() ![]() For perspective, for a product with more restrictive requirements (such as weight, geometry, safety, environment), such as a spacesuit, a more top–down approach is taken and almost everything is custom designed.Ĭomputer science Software development Part of this section is from the Perl Design Patterns Book. In a top–down approach, a custom fastener would be designed such that it would fit properly in the receiving components. An example includes selecting a particular fastener, such as a bolt, and designing the receiving components such that the fastener will fit properly. The bottom–up approach is being used when off-the-shelf or existing components are selected and integrated into the product. But "organic strategies" may result in a tangle of elements and subsystems, developed in isolation and subject to local optimization as opposed to meeting a global purpose.ĭuring the development of new products, designers and engineers rely on both bottom–up and top–down approaches. This strategy often resembles a "seed" model, by which the beginnings are small but eventually grow in complexity and completeness. These elements are then linked together to form larger subsystems, which then in turn are linked, sometimes in many levels, until a complete top-level system is formed. In a bottom–up approach the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail. ![]() From a cognitive psychology perspective, information enters the eyes in one direction (sensory input, or the "bottom"), and is then turned into an image by the brain that can be interpreted and recognized as a perception (output that is "built up" from processing to final cognition). Bottom–up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception. Ī bottom–up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to more complex systems, thus making the original systems subsystems of the emergent system. A top–down approach starts with the big picture, then breaks down into smaller segments. However black boxes may fail to clarify elementary mechanisms or be detailed enough to realistically validate the model. A top–down model is often specified with the assistance of "black boxes", which makes it easier to manipulate. Each subsystem is then refined in yet greater detail, sometimes in many additional subsystem levels, until the entire specification is reduced to base elements. In a top–down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying, but not detailing, anyfirst-level subsystems. In practice they can be seen as a style of thinking, teaching, or leadership.Ī top–down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its compositional subsystems in a reverse-engineering fashion. Strategies of information processing and knowledge orderingīottom–up and top–down are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. ![]()
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